Monthly Archives: September 2021

Welcome to Autumn!

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Crimson Tide

Based on the astronomical definition of seasons, the autumnal equinox marks the first day of fall in the Northern Hemisphere.  This year, that date is September 22 (@ 1:21pm).  However, according to the meteorological definition of seasons, which is based on temperature cycles and the Gregorian calendar, the first day of fall was on September 1.

The fall months are the best opportunity to view Fomalhaut – one of the brightest stars in the sky at this time of year.

Crips autumn air and a backdrop of fall colors is a great time to get outdoors.  Observe nature at a local preserve.  Go birdwatching.  Take a tour of any of the area bike trails.

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Read about the fall color exhibited by the leaves of New York trees. Read the Guide to Fall Colors in Upstate New York. Read about the science of fall colors.

When will fall colors begin and when will they peak? View The Fall Foliage Prediction Map.

Track the progress of developing fall colors across New York here.

Forage for some wild edibles.  Autumn marks the annual ripening of the fruits and seeds of many plants.  For me, foraging each fall for ripened hickory nuts is an annual tradition.  If you’d like to learn more about foraging for these tasty wild nuts, please view the Foraging for Wild Edibles webpage of this blog.

Squirrel's dinner table...with a view

A dinner table with a view. Who sampled these hickory nuts?

With the ongoing pandemic, any of the following in-person gatherings may be subject to postponement or cancellation – please verify before you attend.  Online presentations are noted.  All meteor shower viewings are on your own.

Consider trying a new autumnal cocktail while watching one of the online events listed above (or while simply admiring the fall colors or perhaps while watching any of the upcoming meteor showers).

Happy trails!

New content – another destination to explore!

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Panoramic view looking SE’ly (right) to NW’ly (left) from west end of parking lot

I have added more content to this blog, namely a page entitled “Swatling Falls Nature Trails,” that features information and photos about another destination located in the Town of Halfmoon. This destination has also been added to the Area Nature Preserves, Parks and Trails page.

Please check it out.

Hope you find the information helpful.

Happy trails!

Harvest hazelnuts now

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Hankering for a taste of fresh hazelnuts?

Now is the time to forage for our native species of hazelnuts; both American Hazelnut (Corylus americana) and Beaked Hazelnut (Corylus cornuta). And, with the return of sunshine for more than a few hours, yesterday and today, it is an especially good time to head out in search of them. I did so yesterday.

American Hazelnut (Corylus americana)

For helpful tips on foraging and processing these tasty nuts, please view “Hazelnuts,” which can be found on the Foraging for Wild Edibles webpage of this blog. That info packet contains lots of information, including a variety of recipes on how to enjoy your harvest.

For addtional recipes, please view my prior post.

While you’re out and about, always take time to enjoy whatever is in bloom in the vicinity of what you’re harvesting. I found these growing next to a hazelnut thicket during my outing.

Blue Curls (Trichostema dichotomum)

Happy foraging!

What Wildflower Begins Blooming This Week? (Sept week 1)

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This week, I’m featuring Turtlehead (Chelone glabra) as one of our local wildflowers that begins to bloom at this time.

PLEASE NOTE:  New York Protected Status:  Exploitably Vulnerable = Native plants likely to become threatened in the near future throughout all or a significant portion of their ranges within the State if causal factors continue unchecked.  Fragmentation of remaining habitat, contamination of the gene pool, and wild harvesting present ongoing threats to this species.

Chelone (Χελώνη) – meaning “turtle” in Greek – was a mythological mountain nymph whose mischief or late arrival at Zeus’ wedding caused the nymph to be cursed making her carry her house with her wherever she went (as a tortoise).  The distinctive shape of this flower is reflected in the genus name as well as in its common name.

Identification Tips:

This perennial plant is about 2-3′ tall and unbranched or sparingly branched.  The central stem is smooth and square.  Each pair of opposite, coarsely-toothed, lance-shaped, dark green leaves rotates 90° from the position of the pair of leaves immediately below.  The leaves are 3-6” long, hairless, and finely serrated along their margins.  At their bases, the leaves either have no stems or they have petioles that are less than ¼” in length.

The central stem terminates in a dense spike of white flowers about 3-6″ in length, blooming from the bottom to the top.  Each flower is about 1¼” long, consisting of a 2-lipped white tubular corolla that is somewhat flattened at the mouth, where it is more wide than tall.  The upper lip of the corolla functions as a protective hood, while the lower lip has 2-3 shallow lobes and functions as a landing pad for visiting insects.  The lower interior of the corolla has abundant white hairs.  There is no noticeable floral scent.

Photo credit: (c) Wayne Longbottom, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC).

Each flower is replaced by a papery ovoid seed capsule that turns darker shades of brown when the seeds approach maturity.  Each seed capsule contains several seeds that are flattened and broadly winged; these seeds can be blown about by the wind and likely float on water.

Photo credit: (c) 2009 K. Chayka, https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/white-turtlehead#lboxg-3
Photo credit: https://www.prairiemoon.com/chelone-glabra-turtlehead-prairie-moon-nursery.html

Following the dispersion of its seeds, the plant stem with empty seed capsules persists into the winter, aiding its identification.

Culinary and Medicinal Uses:

There are no known uses of Turtlehead for food.

American Indians used this plant for a variety of ailments.  The Cherokee used an infusion of blooms for wounds, as a laxative, and to treat fevers; they also used it as a dietary aid to increase the appetite.  The Iroquois used a decoction of roots as a liver aid.  Other groups used the plant to prevent pregnancy.  The green, mashed plant juice was also applied to skin sores.

Traditional herbalists create a tonic from this plant that is claimed to be beneficial for indigestion, constipation, and stimulating the appetite.  It is also an anthelmintic (de-wormer) and a salve from the leaves may relieve itching and inflammation.

Wildlife Value:

Turtlehead provides a valuable late season source of nectar.  That nectar is consumed by long-tongued bumblebees, which have the size and strength to force open the tops of the flower to reach the nectar inside; Common Eastern Bumble Bee (Bombus impatiens) and Half-black Bumble Bee (Bombus vagans) are reported to be the most common visitors.  View a brief video of bumblebees visiting these unique blooms.

Photo credit: https://www.prairiemoon.com/chelone-glabra-turtlehead-prairie-moon-nursery.html

Sometimes the nectar of these unique flowers also attract the Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris).

Photo credit: https://www.gardenia.net/plant/chelone-glabra

Turtlehead is the primary host plant and larval food source for the Baltimore Checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas phaeton).  When Turtlehead is not available, females will alternatively lay eggs on the introduced species English Plantain (Plantago lanceolate).  Turtlehead also serves as the larval host of Common Buckeye (Junonia coenia).

Butterfly conservationist, Pat Durkin (founder of the Baltimore Checkerspot Restoration Project of Maryland and co-founder of the Washington Area Butterfly Club), explains the life cycle of the Baltimore Checkerspot and its interdependence upon this plant:

“The butterfly has only one brood each year, which flies for only three weeks from mid-June to early July. The females lay their eggs at that time on turtlehead leaves. The caterpillars hatch a few days later and spin communal webs on the plant, usually embracing several leaves. When they consume those leaves, they move onto others.

They eat, grow, and shed exoskeletons three times before frost. Shorter days and colder nights stimulate them to descend the plant, roll themselves into some duff beneath it, and convert the water in their bodies to an organic antifreeze so they don’t freeze. In late March, they become active again, returning to the plant for two more instars before turning into chrysalids later in the spring.  They emerge in June to start the cycle all over again.”

SOURCE:  https://mdflora.org/resources/publications/wildflowerinfocus/pim_white_turtlehead.pdf

The leaves of Turtlehead contain the glycoside catalpol (and its precursor, aucubin), both of which deter a number of plant browsers from eating them because of their bitterness.

Where Found Locally: